I found an interesting essay with some of that history, and the similarities of pagan Mithraism to fledgling Christianity of the early 1st century (as we now call it). At that time you have local tribes' gods (like Mithra or Bal/Bel), the Roman gods (the planets and elements, along with the deified rulers), and the new sect of the Hebrew YHWH god called Christianity -- all vying for dominance in the same area. Constantine's "Sunday law" was an attempt to unify his people (to solidify his power). He supposedly said "It would indeed be absurd if the Jews were able to boast that we are not in a position to celebrate the Passover without the aid of their rules". Everyone in society should use the same calendar. It makes political sense. However, Constantine's edict "opened the door for religious persecution of Christians, by Christians" not to mention prohibiting even calculating the Jewish holiday dates.
I've before mentioned the calendar oddity where Sunday is the "first day" of the week, but actually the 2d day of the weekend on our calendar. Whether Christian Protestants admit it or not, they are following the Christian Catholic church edict concerning the day of worship, the 7th day of the week. The Catholics of ~300CE adopted the day of the Sun, known ever as 'Sunday', as worship day. Maybe it should be Moon Day in honor of the lunar calendar at the time of Christ. I could certainly get behind a 3-day weekend! Or maybe Friday, as I think the Islamists use. Maybe even throw Friday into the weekend, too... a 4-day weekend and a 3-day work week, hmmm.
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